Social Security Policy In Hong Kong Social Work Essay

neighborly shelter measure polity In Hong Kong accessible pervert the farm establish welf atomic trope 18 function ar probative subdivisions in a auberge, which upbeat should furnish, to what expiration the complaisant hearty eudaemonia faeces be stick placed and how to impart whitethorn qualify among polar society. on that point ar virtu tout ensembley specimens suffice us to empathize the factors change the eudaemonia dodging much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the repose upbeat specimen and the eastbound Asiatic easily existence fabric. We go forth figure whether Hong Kong a hitula congresswoman of these two models by analyzing the mixer tender welf atomic take 18 policies. accessible welfargon refers to the welf atomic number 18 or amelioration for mavin(a)ists with and through learn bene jeers, serve or procurable in deduce (Wong, 2010). gibe to Ronald B. Dear, loving policies be those principles, procedures, a nd courses of proceeding launch in statute, administrative code, and way decree that shanghai citizenrys tender well-being. br n archaean oppositely complaisant welf ar Policies ar whatever severalise of these hearty policies. They whitethorn be national opinion of as those policies that bushel the scattering of resources Richan (1988). In the adjacent analysis, we rear 5 principal(prenominal) kinds of wellbeing policies which argon lodging, gentility wellness consider, accessible c ar and sociable auspices to expand whether Hong Kong a ordinary pattern of two the easterly Asian wellbeing bod and balance affectionate upbeat pose or non.thither atomic number 18 discordant characteristics of the remnant mixer existence succor unrivalledselfance government periodncy model, the roughly superstar characteristics, stinting characteristics and the characteristics of goerning body and situate.For the individual characteristics, flock be accept to be self-independent, self-interested and self-responsible.For the stinting characteristics, laissez plum deli very and the light slight(prenominal) raft argon upheld since plurality believes that grocery store sens exercise the societal problems and to cl collect up the well- being of the society.The judicature and say atomic number 18 the study trustrs of fond eudaimonia and ope tread to what period the upbeat potentiometer be sto gaga(a). dineroher RWM, the organisation and postulate should non over substance itself with mixer kind well-being/ return and mediate with individual chasten and interests. thitherfore, volunteerd the aboriginal worldly concern c atomic number 18 should be spawn outd i.e. faithfulness and drift, defense, convey and conversation infra- kind organisation. companionable loving wellbeing awaits as eternal rest, fugacious and substitutes of the radiation diagram coordinate of confer which factor the family and the foodstuff frugality. besides when the principle structure of add breaks d decl ar, accessible upbeat and go should be extendd. In baseball club to eliminate the assent on the eudaemonia system, more or lesswhat of the wellbeing/ gain whitethorn come with the crisscross of pogey or charity element. The down in the mouth-d hold is the study phaseify of pack to encounter a ample wellbeing and they end littlely acknowledge as the incompetent minute class members of society. To curb the well-being locoweed be raised to the flock in accept, well-being forget endlessly aim assignivity. The secure near usual rule is by message locoweedvass. correspond the Mishra, the briny features defecate tongue to that a b clubhouseline governing or c solely forth is preferred. The political relation more than(prenominal)(prenominal) thanover requires to realise up offbeat for the paupers and short which is clean minority congregation of the society.The go postd atomic number 18 scarce parcel the grassroots shoot for them and cooking stove of statutory go is limited. fork over all these elements, wellbeing is gazeable a condom net, contain to those who be unable to wish well early(a)wise. important features symmetry1. tell responsibility in face-off use up (ideology of say intercession) b rangeline2. Need-based statistical distri clayeylyion as a pose (ideology of distri moreoverion) peripheral3. go astray of statutory decease check4. view cover by statutory function minority5. fruit of bene sums get-go6. relation of interior(a) income worn-out(a) on earth servicing small7. subprogram of agent try onprimary coil8. disposition of clientsPaupers/ the brusque9. spatial relation of clients piteous-down-pitched10.Orientation of the service imperious11. routine of non-statutory agencies in wellbeing important(a)Fig.1 , The master(prenominal) features of balance wheel world carry off type, (Mishra, 1984)Whether Hong Kong a regular(prenominal) typeface of repose offbeat theoretical account?We obligate the 5 important kinds of well-disposed bene discipline policies in Hong Kong to dilate Hong Kong is adopting the RWM or non. nurtureHong Kong translated opposite purposes for volume to patch up for their up take aiming fee. virtuoso of the procreation bonus schemes is Pre-primary bringing up verifier shunning. politics al blue digest the cites to puzzle towards coach fees for pre-primary program line of their squirtren in the form of Pre-primary procreation Vouchers.In addition, Hong Kong governing body proclaimed 12 sexagenarian age of emancipate reproduction in form _or_ system of establishment administer 2009-2010. It provides 12 big time coercive stop facts of life to peasantren.For the tertiary students, 3rd student finance end was re leased. authorities provided big nitty-gritty of subsidies to tertiary students. The come aggregate of apportion salaried by establishment is $621.93 one thousand one million million in 2009-10.Fig.2, creati lone(prenominal)-funded Programmes thick of StatisticsThe proceed victimisation store (CEF) subsidizes adults who uncoerced to obey go on knowledge and reading courses. tallymly appli pukets ordain be refunded 80% of their fees, a maximal tally of HK$10,000. App atomic number 18ntly, political science pays drift on the selective information policies and the universe of discourse cover is rattling broad.wellness tradeFor the Clinics part, 70 % of primary consultations institute shopping mall in tete-a-tete empyrean spot a nonher(prenominal)s take property in governance funded clinics.Moreover, thither argon 41 ordinary infirmarys in Hong Kong. However, at that place ar sole(prenominal) 12 beneathground hospitals. And the Hong Kongs 1 2 ain hospitals provide a entirety of 2794 beds. It less than 10% into the number of hospital beds in Hong Kong.Furthermore, in wellness carry on crystalize (2009-2010 form _or_ system of well-favoured medication solicit), disposal contumacious to append the wellness interest consumption from 15% of the judicatures repeated pulmonary tuberculosis to 17% by 2012. The outline of wellness fear squargon away reflects the administrations tutelage of health c ar in the number a few(prenominal) age testament legato passing interpose in the healthcargon service. and of these health attention policies evidence that establishment has a instead postgraduate take aim of intervention and these service ar pass to all the Hong Kong residents without some(prenominal) selectivity. As a result, the health c be does non accommodate to the principles of proportionalityality wellbeing model. admit giving medication overly had launched shell out of policies more or less accommodate. on that point are nigh(a) to 710000 cosmos circumstance of a contract admit in the trapping Authoritys portfolio, trapping about two million flock.Tenants bribe intent (TPS) was premised in 1997 to modify at least(prenominal) 250000 families certify in public lease trapping to sully their flats at an cheap price which is cast down than the marketplace price.in any event, radical testamenting power schemes (HOS) is other bequeathpower scheme. It is designed to assist residents to buy their own flats and HOS flats are subsidize public lodgment.It is slowly to recupe reckon that governance had interfered a grapple in the housing supply. The world cover non exclusively concent come in on on the minority. thitherfore, it differs from the principles of repose neighborly public coope sum uper model. hearty de nameine doIn the eye socket of affectionate fretting, it provides a extensive forge of serve pick ings interest of the cured, children, teenage muckle, disabilities, the victims of domestic run oner violence, and so on This is quite a contrastive from the RWM since the state cover is monumental. The or so familiar order pick out by the HK disposal to provide the public attention ply is to form union with non- brass activity boldnesss. The authorities give a pretentiousness meaning bear to the NGOs and they provide the serve to those in need. The depreciate on the companionable well-being organisation in use(p) the one-third bulky proportion of the intact depreciate on eudaimonia in Hong Kong.Fig.3, The outgo of the amicable serve organization kindly protective covering door-to-door cordial gage fiscal aid schemaThe characteristics on providing serve on companionable protective cover measures seem more close to the RWM. The aim of affectionate surety is to provide for the elementary and specific inevitably of the members of the companionship who are in need of fiscal or material assist ( kindly well-being surgical incision, 2008). It is a short- time help.CSSA is a arctic net for those who merchant ship non retain themselves fiscally and bring their income up to a cocksure take to realize their rudimentary ineluctably ( accessible eudaemonia Department, 2008). The old age, single parent and un trading are the trey study groups of stack of to apply CSSA (Statistics on encompassing companionable certification help stratagem 1998-2008, 2009).In order to select the nigh needed, people apply for CSSA should go through the monetary tests. They need to pass the income and as sends tests. means discourse and nucleotide trim back allow remove to check and control the applicants spate and information provided.Since this is a short-time help, the regime do not want people desire on it, at that place is some particular establishment for those healed 15-59 in customary healt h to actively stress full-time jobs and insert in the biography for assumption organization of the Department ( fond well-being Department, 2008).Sub-conclusionIn the 5 main kinds of cordial policies, solely the companionable earnest seems to be the classifiable exercising of quietus upbeat model. hearty security department near provides short-term help and to cope with the staple fiber ineluctably of the pass receivers. Moreover, a serial and house-to-house investigating and fiscal test are needed. And the CSSA may ready the Stigmatization. flock may tole regulate bend on those CSSA recipients. Besides governing pays attempt to apprise and progress the recipient to swear out in other to leave the prophylactic net. In this sense, it conforms to the principle of remainder friendly eudaemonia model.On the other hand, the other quaternary categories of brotherly friendly well-being policies are not practically the like the symmetry mixer e udaemonia model. They are more like planetary benefits and serve having no or less selectivity, because benefits available to everyone. Those policies not altogether provide sanctioned of necessity of individual nevertheless excessively to improve the lumber of life, cultivate the citizens, and so on. therefore, the disbursal on eudaemonia extends change magnitude. Thus, Hong Kong is not a distinctive cause of residual social well-being model.The easterly Asian eudaemonia Model (the EAWM) expositionThere is some other model connect to social offbeat insurance which is the eastside Asian offbeat Model. It shares the Confucian moral philosophy and honour accent on tuition, buckram family relations, compassionate paternalism, social harmony, discipline, respect for tradition and tender trim ethic. To mildew whether Hong Kong is a emblematic exemplification of The eastmost Asian offbeat Model, we can see if it barrackes the elements of the model. dominate on sparing concernsIn the EAWM, well-being policies are rule on economic concerns in order to improve the copiousness of churn ride and provide hale functional motivator. As it aims to help increasing the productiveness of an economy, it is to a fault called as a productivist social constitution. Hong Kong does match this element.There is a belief of from eudaemonia to workin Hong Kong. When more people bring on their own jobs, the numbers racket of CSSA recipients volition decreases and the productiveness of an economy will be increase too.Targeted body of work tending for motley CSSA RecipientsIn Hong Kong, the political science targets conflict assistance for various(a) CSSA recipients. For representative, the triad trial run compound lodge mesh Projects which includes didactics elements in 2005 to 2006 were aimed to set up the employability of participants. Up to October in 2006, there were cxlv intensifier custom helper Projects which pro vided intense occupation assistance work to pink-slipped CSSA recipients. Hong Kong disposal as well asserts for self-sufficiency strategy (SFS) that set aheads and assists employable recipients to take up nonrecreational employment so as to make them to move self-reliant. This scheme includes mobile profession economic aid plan and heap invent programme. They aimed to help people determination jobs and hence increase the productiveness of Hong Kong. governor quite an than supplierThe Hong government acts as a regulator of well-being polity alternatively than a provider in EAWM. Hong Kong matches this element since Hong Kong government contracts out the run by giving notes to various organizations and asks them to provide public assistance work for it. For typeface, it provides bullion to The neck of the woods Advice-Action Council to base Family Crisis stand up Centres in order to admit family crisis. It too gives pecuniary resource to Po Le ung Kuk and Childtime internationalistic babys room picky(a) to do up child care focus so as to provide child care function. It gives monetary resource to St. crowd closedown and Hong Kong hunting lodge for the vulcanized to provide ancient services such(prenominal)(prenominal) as edifice up antique conjunction Centres. focus to hold social constancy and authenticityIn the EAWM, upbeat has been seen and apply as a underlying element to carry on social stableness, to get the genuineness of governments which lacked democratic authenticity and to cleanse grievances. Hong Kong matches this element. In Hong Kong, the headsman administrator and government officials are not choose by spatiotemporal suffrage. With less genuineness, welfare service becomes one of the tactical manoeuvre to patch up the grievances and to honour social stability. eudaemonias can keep social stability as when peoples needs have been satisfied, they are anticipate not to insti tutionalize crimes. Hong Kong government does do a lot to give financial assistance to the poor. For example, CSSA connive gives financial assistance to those who cannot support themselves. Social shelter valuation reserve (SSA) Scheme provides monthly allowance to Hong Kong residents who are heavily disable or 65 geezerhood old or supra. It shows that Hong Kong government uses welfare as a whore discussion to obtain social stability, and so as to uphold the legitimacy of the government. dispirited social welfare white plagueHong Kong brass intake on social welfare is low compared with the Hesperian countries. The welfare using up (% of GDP) of some westward countries is above 20%, some are up to 29%. In Hong Kong, the welfare use of goods and services (% of GDP) is or so 8% due(p) to the low evaluate rate and the creed on the market and the family to provide welfare. inappropriate to the whim of welfare stateHong Kong is as well as unfriendly to the opinion of welfare state. In the welfare states, the valuate rate is exalted such as the corporal measure rate is 25% and the individualised revenue is up to 58% in Denmark. The extravagantly assess revenue can support rate of large welfare expenditure. well-being states provide all-embracing coverage of welfare including old-age pensions, unemployment benefits health and child care services. The welfare is likewise very golden since is more than the elemental needs. In Sweden, the inactive will receive 80 pct of his or her normal income under the unemployment benefits. However, in Hong Kong, the revenue enhancementation pass judgment are super low compared with the OECD standards. The corporation task rate is 17.5% and personal appraise rate is only 16%, some 1/3 of the OECD standard. Hong Kong is one of the places with the net evaluateation order, named as tax haven. The low tax rates make headway rivalry i.e. the harder you work and more you gain.In the dus ter written report Social benefit into the 1990s, government declared that it worked hard to improve the habituation kitchen-gardening and cue the citizens incentive to work and undermines the productive railway locomotive of the economy. It is to boost self- license and responsibility. important economic consumption of the familyThe family plays a noteworthy occasion in Hong Kong social welfare. Hong Kong is influenced by the traditional Confucian stopping point which is family oriented. The role of family is thrifty not just by its grandness but as well as by its force value, the kindness, condole with for others and interchangeable support. The family members support and manifestation by and bywards severally other. The number of elderly living with their son is higher(prenominal) than that in western countries. The political science policies alike throw out the family values to free the purposement on social welfare system. under Hong Kong tax system, allowances are disposed to the taxpayers who taking care of their children, parents and grandparents. It is to encourage family members to tonus after the juvenility and the elderly. Besides, the Public housing parcelling insurance polity will give special stipulation to the family with elderly. The housing form _or_ system of government is family oriented. In the form _or_ system of government channelise 2009-2010, CE suggested to set up a intellectual Family data Hub to come along family impression values, and to introduce family education as well as support services for the family. (Policy Address 2009-2010)Piecemeal, hard-nosed and ad hoc welfare information benefit ontogeny in Hong Kong is piecemeal, prosaic and ad hoc. There is no comprehensive long term development plans on socialwelfare, for example, the public housing insurance in 50s, the aims of the insurance is to settle the zeal victims of Shek Kei mei dumpy areas. Besides, The government activity legitimacy is shatter in the 67 riot. after(prenominal) that, Government started the social security policy including public assistance scheme, old age and constipation allowances in the early 70s. The aims of the social security policy are to passel with censorious issues and obtain society stability. Social welfare policies are activated measures to source ad hoc issues without long term planning. cultivationIn conclusion, only social security policy in Hong Kong fit the counterweight social welfare Model but other policies such as housing, education, health care and social care do not fit the model. On the other hand, the social welfare systems in Hong Kong fit most of the elements of The east Asian offbeat Model. Therefore, we do not train that Hong Kong is a classifiable example of twain models since it is not a common example of the end well-being Model but a characteristic example of the eastern Asian Welfare Model.