Young Males, Modern Society, and Drug Use Essay -- Essays Papers

Young Males, Modern Society, and Drug UseTo understand the utilize of drugs by young men and to review the literature in a coherent framework it is necessary to begin with an understanding of the term gender. Gender is said to mean more than just male or female. Rather it is a description of the traits and attributes which society ascribes to each sex. Gender is distinguished from sex in that sex refers to biology, whereas gender refers to the cultural meanings and amicable constructs that are superimposed on the biologic differences between the sexes. That is, gender is socially constructed. It transforms female to mean feminine and male to mean masculine, and by so doing it defines our expectations of both male and female behavior in nonchalant life.Most look into up until the 1980s was based on male perceptions and male constructs of drug use, which by its very nature, neglected female drug use (Davey, 1994 Sargent, 1992 Temple-Smith & Hamilton, 1991). Some studies ignored wo men entirely others included women but ignored gender, simply combining men and women in the analysis. Authors of many studies thus generalized from male subjects to people. As Henderson (1993) says It is a familiar sentiment by now that the literature on drugs is limited when it comes to the subject of gender and drug use. All too often studies choose ignored gender as a factor in drug use and extrapolated from the male experience. (p. 127).It is important, therefore, to acknowledge that historically, gender has been a blindspot in much of the research on drug use and abuse (Lammers & Schippers, 1991). The influence of male gender has not been considered, despite the fact that males have mostly been the subjects of the studies. As Broom (... ..., S. (1997). youth violence and the limits of moral panic. Youth Studies Australia, 16(1), 25-30.Vogel-Sprott, M., & Chipperfield, B. (1987). Family history of problem drinking among young male social drinkers Behavioral effects of alcoho l. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48(5), 430-436.Waldron, I. (1991). Patterns and causes of gender differences in smoking. Social Science and Medicine, 32(9), 989-1005.Waldron, J. (1997). Changing gender roles and gender differences in health behavior. In D.S. Gochman (Ed.), Handbook of health behavior research 1 Personal and social determinants (pp. 303-328). New York Plenum Press.Walpole, S. (1995). Gender equity in education A view from outside the classroom. In Proceedings of the Promoting Gender Equity Conference (pp. 5-11). Canberra ministerial Council for Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs.

Biodiversity :: essays research papers

Biodiversity is described by Ruth Patrick as, the presence of a large issue of species of animals and plants(Patrick 15). In other(a) words, biodiversity is the boundary for the measure of the variety of different species that do exist still on our plant. These species can range from the simplest bacteria to the very complex primates. Biodiversity can relate topically or globally. For grammatical case the Southern New England forest contains 20 or 30 tree species while in the rainforest of Peru there are hundreds of species of trees (Patrick 15). thither are also further ways to view biodiversity and that is in levels. These levels can be the diversity of higher plants, number of species, or expressed as abbreviate weight (biomass) (Patrick 15). Biodiversity is different is each part of the area. Not every part of the world contains the same amount of creatures yet there are parts of the world that might contain similar amounts. These regions of the world have similar weather patterns and therefore similar species will develop there but they are non necessarily the same. One of the more important regions of the world that contain a large amount of biodiversity is the tropical rainforest region. The forests comprise roughly 7% of the dry out land surface of Earth and may hold more than 50% of all species (Patrick 15). Yet us as humans do not fill in all of the creatures and organisms that live on this planet at all. We only have discovered, in one way or another, about 1.4 million species yet the number that is estimated is about 10-100 million (Patrick 15). The unknown species that do exist on this world can have many and countless benefits to the human race. A good example can be the rosy periwinkle, which is a plant found on the island of Madagascar, helped cure the Hodgkins disease and lymphocytic leukemia. (E.O. Wilson 3). Another can be the cyclosporin that was found in an obscure Norwegian fungus that is the foundation for the organ transplant business (Wilson 3). There also exist countless other potential uses and numerous other benefits that can be found in nature. The only problem is that we do not know even half of the amount of life that exists on this planet and many of them are disappearing faster than we can discover.With the advancement of technology and the growing population go mankind, nature seems as if it is in the way.

Poem Comparison of Mr bleaney by Philip Larkin and In Memory of My Gran

Poem Comparison of Mr bleaney by Philip Larkin and In reposition of My Grandfather by Edward Storey The two poems that will be conveyed and comp ared will be Mr Bleaney (by Philip Larkin) & In Memory of My Grandfather (by Edward Storey). Both verses describe the character of the poem. The character in the poem on the Grandfather has admiration, but Mr Bleaney is disturbed. In this essay I will compare the character, poets feelings and locating to each man. Furthermore, the similarities and differences in structure, language and image between the two poems will be compared and lastly my preference and emotional responses. To begin with what each poem is roughly. Mr Bleaney is a descriptive and narrative verse. There are two articulates the landladys and the poets, Mr Bleaney is given in the view of the depressed lyricist. Mr Bleaney is given the life of the writer through his lonely years. It is about a man named Mr Bleaney who lives through a lacklustre yet ordinary life, but the place he lives in is shown through a kitsch light. On the some other hand the Grandfather is compared to a tree and the whole poem has the description of his appearance through the grandsons observation. Now I shall move on to the characters. Mr Bleaney has a dingy life because he lives in a place called The Bodies. The word body is used when someone is departed. So this means who ever lives in this house is nobody. They are metaphorically deceased. The poet describes Mr Bleaney using environments and surroundings. He suggests Mr Bleaney is not intellectual, sixty watt bulb very dim, has a restricted life. Additionally he has no possessions of his own, behind ... ...uthor achieved his expectations of the character by evaluating him with a tree, his voice rough as the bark of his cracked hands. So both artists have achieved their prospect to an extent. The reactions and images that I received from this poem vary from the wr iter. My preference is that I had learnt a lesson from the Mr Bleaneys poem is we treat ourselves the way we tell other people to treat us. The grandfather poem did not give me many lessons except that he is the closely respected character in the lyric and the whole sonnet is personified, with the tree. Additionally I blemished many disparity and distinction between the poems. There werent many resemblances though. In conclusion the Mr Bleaney has told me he was a lonely and a middle class man, but the grandfather was a free sprit and lived life his way.

Essay --

Madeline Hearons Introduction to Philosophy Dr. Butterfield 9 March 2014 The Problem of Evil The problem of offense has been a controversial topic for not only philosophers, exactly withal people of different faiths all told over the world. The problem of evil poses the questions that if there is a higher big businessman, a perfect God, how can that higher power allow such evils to occur in this world? How could this perfect God create such evils in the world? How could he allow such pain? As these questions have been asked, many philosophers have different thoughts and opinions on what kind of higher power really exists, and how evil can come from such a perfect and loving God. The example I have chosen poses the question of whether or not a perfect higher power really does exist. If a perfect God has created this world, why would he include evil? After researching different philosophers and their different views on the problem of evil, Gottfried Leibniz stuck out to me. I fou nd canvass our views real interesting. The problem of evil proves contradiction in religious philosophy, that a perfect God may or may not exist (Pecornio, 1). If a perfect God exists, why would he put evil into our world and promote suffering? Some philosophers have argued that this suffering is consequence for our own sins. If you volitionally choose a path of evil, then evil will present itself onto you. An example of this would be that if you know smoking is bad and can cause lung cancer, and you shut up choose to smoke, you deserve the evil consequence of getting lung cancer (Beebe, 1). The problem of evil pinpoints two types of evil moral evil and natural evil. Moral evil is a type of evil that is caused by mankind itself, such as murder, abuse, and sexual... ...t mean that a God does not exist, but one that all knows, all-powerful, and all present does not exist. The Logical Problem of Evil explains this, going against Leibniz and his beliefs, but supports my example. I believe that Leibniz argument in persuasive and have some very valid points. In conclusion to the problem of evil, I think that your beliefs will lead you to follow a certain view on this topic. I also believe that you do not have to choose one certain side, that this topic is not black and white. The problem of evil can really catch up with you think about the troubles of the world, and what the reason and cause for suffering is. Who do you believe is responsible? Is it a higher power, or your own actions that make these things happen? unearthly views may lead you to believe one idea, but your logical sense may lead you to believe something completely different.

The Unspoken Dangers of Tanning Beds Essays -- Expository Essays Resea

The Unspoken Dangers of Tanning Beds Tanning beds be devices that emit ultraviolet radiation (UV rays) in order to darken ones skin complexion. It is believed that some 28 million Americans are tanning indoors, in some 25,000 tanning salons nationwide (http//www.fda.gov/ cdrh/consumer/tanning.html ). The rising popularity of tanning beds came about a few decades ago when the media and baseball club started emphasizing that bronzed skin was in. A variety of people use tanning beds, both men and women, and for a variety of reasons some use them as a weekly (or even daily) routine, others use them seasonally (when its hard to get a tan in the winter) and then of course there are the event tanners who go before a big event like a prom, wedding or spring break cruise.Media and what it implies about todays culture has a massive pull factor on what American people buy. Also, the effects of peer pressure cause people to tan in tanning beds if the majority of your peers are doing i t, then you dont want to be the only pale kid on the block, despite the consequ...

The Unspoken Dangers of Tanning Beds Essays -- Expository Essays Resea

The Unspoken Dangers of Tanning Beds Tanning beds are devices that emit ultraviolet radiation radiation (UV rays) in order to darken ones skin complexion. It is believed that approximately 28 million Americans are trouncing indoors, in some 25,000 tanning salons nationwide (http//www.fda.gov/ cdrh/consumer/tanning.html ). The rising popularity of tanning beds came about a few decades ago when the media and society started emphasizing that bronzed skin was in. A variety of people wont tanning beds, both men and women, and for a variety of reasons some use them as a weekly (or even daily) routine, others use them seasonally (when its gravid to get a tan in the winter) and then of course there are the event tanners who go before a big event wish a prom, wedding or spring break cruise.Media and what it implies about todays culture has a massive pull factor on what American people buy. Also, the effects of peer pressure cause people to tan in tanning beds if the majority of y our peers are doing it, then you dont trust to be the only pale kid on the block, despite the consequ...

Cincinnati Subs Essay

Cincinnati Super Subs employee makeup is mostly young students in college and in high naturalise management has indicated that the chain has experienced below average positivity over the past 18 months (McShane & Von Glinow, 2013, p. 156). The below average profitability is linked to the increase of viands wastage, management has taken steps to address the issue from decline and elimination of provender allowance accounts to the increased visual scrutiny given workers. The changes made by management were only successful for a few months, after the managers reduced their time in daily operations the amount of food wastage began to increase. To reduce food wastage management must have a presence in daily operations at the sub chain, create and enforce punishments for violations, set goals and create rewards for the reduction in food wastage.Indications of Problems at Cincinnati Super SubsFood wastage at Cincinnati Super Subs is a huge problem that has resulted in the reduction of monthly bonuses given to management. The provide at the chain complains about the amount or lack of food allowances given, this would prompt employees to help themselves to food and drinks when the managers arent around (McShane & Von Glinow, 2013, p. 156). The reduction in profitability over the past 18 months at stores has indicated the levels of food wastage have significantly impacted management employee relations and overall costs at the chain. The importance of step-down food wastage is not realized by non-management staff, they feel that the amount of food/drinks given away or eaten isnt a significant amount of profits. corrective actions taken against employees have reduced staff levels as some employees have quit and warned others about seeking employment at Cincinnati Super Subs. Management failed to accurately identify and corrects the causes of food wastage, and in the process caused employee dissatisfaction.

Family and kinship terms Essay

Based on the interviews I performed for this exercise, I now have a broader view of the term family. For this exercise, I interviewed four individuals that were of Asian origin, specifically Filipino, or individuals originating from the Philippines. Based on my research and talk with my interviewed subjects, the Philippines is such a small countrified in the South East but these Filipinos foot be found living all around the world. To an anthropologist, the term family simply pertains to the biological structure make up of two p atomic number 18nts and at least one child.This structural unit is what has long been accepted in the Western world as the basic unit in society. However, there are quite a few modifications to Asians and more specifically, to individuals originating from the Philippines. In Philippine culture, the terms family and ex scarpered family can be used interchangeably, because their culture is practically associated with a home that is inhabited by a married cou ple with children, as well as the grandparents and relatives-in-law.In the Western world, the extended family is seldom detect in one household and would only be necessary in special circumstances such is health conditions that affect the normal functioning of a family. In the Philippine tradition, the term family simply reputes the entire family as well as all the relatives that could possibly fit into the house and live for dismantle an extended period of time. It has been explained to me that such close-knit family ties have been adapted by Filipinos from the Chinese travelers in the early centuries (Joaquin, 1988).Hence in the household, one bedroom can be inhabited by two girls that are not sisters but actually cousins. The term kinship, on the other hand, technically means the biological tie of an individual such as the kinship of the father or the kinship of the mother of a family. In the Asian point of view, kinship can mean any individual that is related to any member of the family. This not only includes those of with a biological connection, but also those individuals that have been related through marriage, or the in-laws.It is thus interesting to see how different cultures perceive the terms family and kinship. What amazes me is that the Filipinos that I interviewed have such a great attachment to the idea of family, that they call other elder non-related Filipino friends Uncle or Aunt. It has been explained to me that such adaptation of these greetings are a form of respect to these elder individuals, even if they are not authentically biologically related.It can thus look like one Filipino can have a thousand uncles and another thousand aunts because all of them are addressed with the same term that is used to address their biological aunt or uncle. Another interesting observation that I collected from my interview is that Filipinos tend to consider a non-biologically related individual as family if they have been in touch or in communicat ion with that person for at least a couple of years and that they would even attempt to help these individuals out to the best of their abilities, even offering the last of their food to such friend.These individuals have big hearts and are more than willing to help out any individual who needs support. When I asked how they would consider a group of unrelated individuals that have lived together in a particular place, they responded that they consider this group as a family, too, and not a residence group.The members of this residence group are thus considered as brothers and sisters, depending simply on the age of each member of the group, or if one individual is elderly, then that individual will be called and considered as the groups father or mother and that the youngest member of the group will be considered and called the groups baby. Reference Joaquin, N. 1988. Culture and history Occasional notes on the physical process of Philippine becoming. Solar Publishing, Metro Mani la.

Dr Jack Perry Motivation case Essay

This elusion revolves around Dr. Jack Perry, the protagonist, is proprietary dentist clinic. Dr. Perry is a successful dentist in a small town of Cromwell in Canada. He had purchased the manage from a retiring dentist and has been successful in his fare considerably. However, he now faces a management problem of motivating his employees who are suffering from low team spirit and do non seem to be running(a) as hard as they could to help increase the revenue of the clinic. Dr. Perry, had attended a alveolar consonant conference in Chicago in 2005, and recalled twain approaches to meshing sharing which would help in motivating the employees. He now faces the dilemma as to which one of the two relent structures would be topper suited for his utilise as selecting a wrong pay structure could lead to that de-motivation of his employees.BACKGROUND OF THE CASEDr. Jack Perry has managed to run a thriving dentistry confide in Cromwell which had a population of but 3000 and served an additional 7000 good deal from the surrounding areas. He had little competition in the form of 3 other dentists. Dr. Perry has cloggy financials and is witnessing a growth rate of 15 % annually. In conformance with industry norms Dr. Perry employs three categories of employees namely, receptionists, hygienists and assistants. At present he employs two part time receptionists, two full time hygienists, one full time assistant and one part time assistant.His employees were paid their wages at competitive hourly evaluate prevalent in the market. In addition to their hourly wages, they were given an Annual cash aid of $400 during Christmas which was well appreciated by his employees. Dr. Jack Perry was kinda involved with his staff by regularly discussing their work and salary on an informal basis. He allowed his employees 3 weeks holidays in a year. As a turn out Dr. Perry had virtually no staff turnover. Despite the his easy going manner, competitive salary and a pleasant wo rk environment, Sandi the receptionist, had concluded that the morale was low among the staff, an bill Dr. Perry had made himself.OBJECTIVESTo study the benefits and drawbacks of the two pay structures , its financial impact on the employees and how they would help him resolve the issue of low morale in the organization. To suggest the best suited pay-structure for Dr. Perrys practice which would help him increase his collections by motivating his employees.CHARACTER SKETCH OF DR.PERRYDr. Jack Perry is a dentist who has completed his graduation from an Ontario University dental school in 2011. He was a sole practitioner dentist in Cromwell, Ontario. Becoming a dentist in Canada was a rigorous act upon which required a lot of hard work and which included three years of study at the undergraduate level, followed by four years at an accredited dental school. Perry was happy with his work as he was giving competition to other three dentists in Cromwell. He was doing far better than hi s competitors and was noble of the financial success which came along with it. His tune was now festering at 15 per cent annually. Perry had created a comfortable and easy going environment at the workplace.He used to have informal meetings with the staff annually to discuss the work and salary. His staffs were given three weeks of holiday per year. Not only this, but he also allowed his staff to take further unpaid vacation time as long as they can provide him with another staff division to handle their shifts. This gave the flexibility to the staff members as this thing made easier for them to spend some time with their families. All the team plans and organize the Christmas party before Christmas holidays. He used to give cash bonus for their hardwork throughout the year. He was a benevolent boss.CASE ANALYSIS1. The main reason for the decaying employee morale was the quick growth of the business. Dr. Perrys employees were well compensated at competitive market rate and enjoy ed a pleasant working environment. The annual growth of the business (15%) meant that his employees were making relatively less money than Dr. Perry himself. The current pay structure did not have any provision for any category of employees to earn a proportion of the profits. Every employee has a fit(p) hourly salary. Thus, a bigger business meant that they felt like slave labourers since they were aware of the increase in the practices revenues and number of patients.2. Dr. Perrys revenues largely depended on the hygienists who generated about 40% of the revenues. Even the receptionists played a vital role in adding to the revenue by filling in cancelled appointments. His assistants too contributed by playing the role of nurses by comforting the patients which further helped in patient retention. Thus it would seem only fair that a part of the profits moldiness be shared with the employees in the form of a variable pay structure.3. As per the conference which Dr. Perry had attend ed, the archetypal approach of remunerating the employees focused on the contribution of the hygienists only. As per this approach, the hygienists would be paid purely on a accusation basis of around 40% of the organic earnings. The main advantages of this system are It recognises the direct effect of the hygienists efforts on the revenues of the practice and rewards them for the same. A 40% commission would be financially more beneficial to the hygienists presume the current level of collections.Also it is forecasted that such a pay structure would result in an increase in the billings by about 13%. The major(ip) drawback of this system is that it simply does not completely recognize the contribution of the receptionists and the assistants in the revenue generation of the firm. The pay structure does not clearly define how commission would be cerebrate to the total earning of the receptionists and the assistants. Also, by making the earnings of the hygienists completely depend ent on the revenue, it may lead to dissatisfaction of the hygienists of the collections did not increase.4. The second approach states that the employees should be given a share of the profits at a pre established percentage over and above their hourly wage rates. This method ensured that Some part of the profits were distributed to all the categories of employees. At the same time since the employees would receive their hourly rates in any case, it would give them a sense of security and in the end help in maintaining the pleasant work atmosphere. However, this method did not distinguish between the categories of employees who contributed more to the revenues than those who contributed comparatively less. This could lead to de-motivation of the hygienists who had a direct impact on the revenues of the companies.Solutions/SuggestionsFor Hygienist 1. Perrys Clinic should recognise best skilled hygienists. Perry should conduct special trainings for the underperformers and bring th em to the same level. 2. Targets of hygienists need to be on a similar alignment as that of the firm. 3. Teamwork needs to be motivated through annual bonus.4. Incentives can be introduced to keep the results persistent. 5. The firm should control the cost through effective pay strategy.The above decisions could have the following effect on the hygienists their income would increase the effort put in by an individual would benefit him/her i.e. every individual is responsible for his/her incentives. thirdly they would get an opportunity to work with an efficient peer group thereby nurturing severally other. For Assistants & Receptionists1. The firm should encourage wage earners to spend time on super skilled tasks. 2. Decrease interoffice concern about peer pay. Pay should be based on training level. 3. The weekly payroll should be known.4. Annual bonus would motivate team work and coordination.By implementing these they would have stable pay, little daily pressure to up sell ser vices. Their pay easily calculated each week. It would allow them to take time off providing high quality of work.CONCLUSIONSIn the scenario where Dr. Perry business is growing at a healthy rate it is important to endlessly monitor pay structure of the firm and revise it from time to time since remuneration is directly related to the motivation level of the employees.Dr. Perry must change the pay structure to accommodate profit sharing with the employees in the form of a bonus which would be a percentage of the total profits of the practice, in the case of increased revenues for that particular year. This method is better for the business at this stage because the practice is still in a growth stage. The profits can be divided among the disparate categories of employees in a number of ways. A drastic change in the pay structure from fixed to completely variable is not recommended because in case of lower collections in any particular year, it may lead to lower earnings for the emp loyees. This pay structure can be further revised in the future to increase the profit sharing element in the remuneration of the employees as the firm grows bigger.MANAGERIAL LEARNINGS1. Monetary benefits motivate people to perform better in most cases. It is important for managers to understand the link between the pay structure and the motivation levels of employees. Merely high wage rates may not be sufficient to motivate the employees and they must given a fair share of the profits earned by the firm.2. Performance linked Variable Pay (PLVP) is a salary component present in most of the MNCs. This keeps the employees motivated to continuously increase their productivity rather than a fixed salary which may lead to a laid back style of working thereby impacting the performance negatively.3. It is important for mangers to know the contribution of individual employees and different categories of employees and must frame the pay structure in accordance with the same. This would ensu re that employees are rewarded sufficiently for better performances.4. Keeping the market standards in mind, pay structures must be constantly monitored and should be revised along with the growth of the firm in terms of revenue earned and the volume of business for employees of all levels.5. Firms give out their revenue generated through Quarterly/Semi Annual Meets. Managers must make sure that the employees understand not only the revenue aspect of a growing firm but also the increased costs associated with them and therefore emphasise on the need for higher productivity from the employees.

Hunting laws Essay

Year after year in the inquisition down industry mint have argued that cross electric arcs should be juristic for everyone during hunting season. Finally a few years ago the national hunting board of admnistratives passed a law stating, anyone shadower use a crossbow during the archery part of cervid season. this new law take all the caper discover of bow hunting, it makes illigally poaching deer tremendously easy, and as well as it teaches the newer generation of hunters the wrong sort to hunt.As far back as hunting goes one of the hardest ways to kill an animal has been the bow. its an adrenaline rush twist the bow back on a big whitetail. now their taking that thrill away by allowing the use of a crossbow. its taking all the sport out of bow hunting, with a regular bow a hard changeful was 25 to 30 yards now thay have crossbows out that will cod out to 85 yards. making it basicallly like a gun theres no pull back, its a turn on like a gun. as stated in NABC (North Ame rican Bowhunting Coalition) ( Crossbows are not bows.Crossbows have mostly rifle-like characteristics such as a gun stock for shoulder mounted shooting, trigger safety, optical sights, locked anc cocked at full draw by a mechanical device, carried loaded and ready to shoot, rigidly controlled internal ballistics, minimal movemnetn to shooting position and can be shot from a rest. ) Its not fair to the sport of hunting, used to it took a skilled archer to kill a deer, now a toddler could pull the trigger and kill one. The relaxed restriction on rossbow hunting makes poaching deer illigally much easier.Poacher have to fire off a gun, which was incredibly loud, which would scare deer off and let any game warden within 10 miles aware that something illigal was taking place. now we have givin poachers an easy route, a virtually silent cleansing machine. A poacher can kill a deer in a natioal park and no one would ever know they was there. However, some magnate say people could still po ach with crossbow before they legalized them, and this is true, nevertheless now everyonne having crossbows in there truck on there way back from hunting puts a whole lot more pressure on the fact that they can take a long quite shot on a big deer on the side of the road.Its always in the back of every hunters mind when they see a deer on the side of the road, but now were loose every hunter the ultimate tool of being able to illigally shoot a deer with ease. Lastly but not least(prenominal) its teaching our newer genereation the improper way of hunting. Now were implying in our kids heads that its okay to shoot a deer at 80 yards with a crossbow. thats not right, they should hae to shot a regular bow and earn the deer instead of just pulling the trigger with these new crossbows.Its extremely inmportant to teach our kids good hunting skills like when to pul the bow back, how you have to make sure the deer isnt looking at you, but with corssbows it doesnt matter they just pull the trigger like a gun. I think back we are abusing the right to use them. I think people with a physical disability should be the only ones legal to hunt with crossbows. not giving one to a teenager who just wants to go kill 20 deer just to say he did.Make kids and for that matter everyone go out and learn the right way with a real bow and arrow. I think we are ruinging the sport of hunting by allowing anyone use a crossbow to hunt deer. Its taking all the sport out of hunting, making illigally poaching deer like a walk in the park, and also teaching the newer genereations of hunters the wrong way to hunt.. There a lot of facts to support my claims, its a no brainer that the national hunting assosoation made the wrong decicsion by passing the law that crossbows are legal for anyone.

Population pyramid

A macrocosm profit or commonwealth compose is detailed diagram referring to the shape of the graphs which demonst ordains the composition of a nations population in relation to various age groups and sex (cohorts). It contains two side-to-side placed graphs, one that shows details of the phallic segment of the population, and the other that shows details of the womanish segment of the population. Usually the left hand side shows details of the male segment of the population. A population profile is usually triangular in shape, the base suggesting a large number of children. A rapid narrowing of the steer bands suggests that people may be dying faster. The population benefit provides a lot of other details such as birth rate, death rate, and life-expectancy. The pyramid should be ideally symmetrical to demonstrate similar archetype and numbers between males and egg-producing(prenominal)s in the nation.A population pyramid of a nation is of different types depending on sever al factors such as birth rates, death rates, and situation prevailing in the country. These include a stationary pyramid, progressive pyramid and regressive pyramid. A stationary pyramid demonstrates a rather constant pattern of fertility and death rate. A progressive pyramid demonstrates a high turnover of the population (elevated birth and death rates), and a large number of children. A regressive pyramid on the other hand suggests a disgraceping birth rate and a low fatality rate. Some countries may develop a spring chicken bulge in their population pyramid (a rise in the youth segment of the population), which may increase the risk for war terrorism and criminal activities to flourish (Answers.Com. 2006).During a war situation, a nations population pyramid may have varying appearances depending on the manner in which it is modify.The most active segment of the population, that is young men cohort, are usually the most affected during a war. Due to severe losses, nations often demonstrate a drop in the bar graphs in the adult male cohort group, and excess in the corresponding female segment. Losses of young and middle-aged men later tend to affect other portions of the population profile. The birth rate on twain the male and the female side would significantly reduce over a period of time. As this cohort of adult males get older, the excess on the female side and the deficiency in the male side starts climbing. In the 1965 population pyramid of the United Kingdom, it was seen that the number of middle-aged and elderly men were reduced, compared to the similar female cohort due to losses during the World War (Answers.Com. 2006).Sometimes, during a war situation, there may be equivalent loss on the adult female cohort side due to frequent deaths arising from childbirth, reduced healthcare facilities, sporadic violence, etc. Such a population pyramid appears symmetric with a printing of cohorts on the adult male and female side. This is known as a constri ctive pyramid. The birth rate and the fertility rates also drop due to a decrease in women and men having a high potential for reproduction. The population pyramids of the US during the 1940s show this kind of a pattern as usually the adult population was affected, playing a role in the defense of the nation. Over a period of time this cohort climbed as it got older (Rosenberg, Matt. 1997).When a country is affected with a full blown war, all the segments of the population seem to be affected. All the cohorts tend to get depressed. The death rate rates increases, whereas the birth rate of the population decreases. In some countries, the depression may be greater in the young adult segment of the population as they tend to be more involved with the war. These depressed cohorts tend to carry over with time as the population gets older. The population pyramid of lacquer during the 1940s shows this kind of a pattern, as civilian populations were also affected (Statistical Handbook of Japan. 2006).ReferencesAbout.Com. Population Pyramid. Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2006. Answers.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http//www.answers.com/topic/population-pyramidRosenberg, Matt. Age-Sex Pyramids. About Geography. 1997. About.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http//geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa071497.htmStatistical Handbook of Japan. Chapter 2 Population. Statistics Bureau. 2006. Statistics Bureau of Japan. 29 Dec. 2006. http//www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/c02cont.htmUS Census Bureau. IDB Population Pyramids. U.S. Census Bureau Population piece/International Programs Center. 2006. US Census Bureau. 29 Dec. 2006. http//www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbpyr.html

Open Racism

When I think some is racism nevertheless a suffer today, a particular poem comes into mind its entitledRacism Is roughly Me Everywhere. Of human ignorance I am almost in despair For racism is around me all over But like they say sheer ignorance is rejoicing Just like Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss. Some people carry their honor in a flag And of their Nationality they brag They feel superior and they discover And against those who ar different they discriminate. So many an(prenominal) people still judged by their race For such there never ought to be a place A fair go those untruthful words I do recallThere is no such a thing as a fair go for all. Though we live in a so called democracy Of racism we never will be free They judge you by where you come from and the color of your skin For many e timberland and respect seems impossible to win. Its been awhile since the days of Martin Luther King His name to it has a familiar ring If against racism he did not choose to accompl ish Today the great man he would be alive. So many holding the reins of power not spiritually awargon And racism is around me everywhere And racism only leads to division and war Just goes to show how ignorant some are. (Frances Duggar) Racism is a belief held by some that there are characteristics and abilities can be attributed to people simply on the basis of their race and that some racial groups are superior to others. Racism and discrimination lead been apply as powerful weapons encouraging fear or hatred of others in times of conflict and war, and even during economic downturns. For people throughout the world, the election of Barak Obama to the U. S. governance seemed to signal in a new era, that of the end of racism. Indeed, Obamas election was a momentous occasion and, one would have hoped, a milestone on the alley to reconciliation.However, some recent, very ominous events cast a worrisome veil over the democratic process in the United States. These events points o ut how racism is still a problem in the United States. Racism occurs often times out of fear. Many people fear what is different to them and what they do not know. This in turn, makes it scary when you see people who look different than you do and sometimes, you treat those individuals differently because you do not know them. Racism occurs in different facets of society. Schools, the governing and the workplace are sometimes the worst examples of racism.Racism in schools Millions of African American and Latino young people in the United States dont clear an education equal to that of most exsanguinouss, partly because the urban schools they go to dont have as very much money as the schools in the white suburbs. This is because the country has decided that much of the money for schools should come from local property taxes. So in communities where the houses and businesses are less expensive, the schools dont get overflowing money to provide a high quality education. This is un fair. This is institutional racism.If we financed schools differently every student, regardless of his or her race, could go to a high quality school that was the equal of the schools other students attend. The Government Hurricane Katrina The government had known for years that a big hurricane was likely to cause dangerous flooding in modern Orleans. The plans they made didnt include any way to get poor people (predominately African Americans) out of the city to safety. When the storm and the flooding did come with Hurricane Katrina in 2005, much of the country saw on TV that thousands of people of color were stranded in the city without food, water, housing or safety.The government was incredibly irksome to rescue people, to provide food and shelter, and to help them rebuild their houses. Many people believe that if those stranded had been mostly white people the rescue efforts would have been much quicker and effective. Racism in the Workplace Racism in the form of discriminati on persists in society also. A case in point is that blacks have traditionally suffered from higher rates of unemployment than whites. In June 2009, black employment was at 15. 3 % compared to an 8. 8% unemployment rate for whites. Do blacks simply not take the opening that whites do to find work?Studies indicate that, in actuality, discrimination likely contributes to the black-white unemployment gap. (Thompson) Critics will say how can racism still lives with the election of the United States premier(prenominal) black president. Since President Obama took office he has been a rise of subtle racism against our president. It can be seen in the supporters of the new birthers movement, who stir up doubts about Obamas citizenship. During the 2008 presidential campaign, there was no impetus to question John McCains birthplace even though it was common knowledge that McCain was born in sailor boy because he is white.The presidents birthplace should not have been an issue at all but y et to this day you still have a lot of Americans who still question his birthplace. Critics also say with electing our first minority president, and minorities reaching higher levels of education, obtaining more earnings and more distinguished careers, one strength infer that prejudice is dead. I contend that it is alive and flourishing while lurking beneath the shadows of figures that naturally inflate with the growth of a burgeoning society.If racism does not exist then what accounts for the wide range of disparities that still exist in society, most of which show black Americans with worse outcomes than whites in areas such as income, home ownership, health and employment, study researcher Samuel Sommers, a psychologist at Tufts University, said in a statement. When most Americans think of racism they think of the open racism back in the Civil Rights movement and during slavery times when crosses were burned in African-American yards.They think of the KKK when they think of ra cism which was upfront and in your face. The fact that the KKK and groups such as these that still exist prove the point that racism still occurs in the United States. While racism may not be as far-flung as before, it exists, without a doubt. While we like to think that those unfortunate days of racism are behind us, it still exists. Today, racism is much less axiomatic and less prevalent. However, we are still reminded that racism is alive and well, and we must continue working to do away with it.Every day in the news there are stories dealing with the unfair treatment of minorities, women, and gays. America is the best country in the world because of the opportunity given to every individual and because of its constant struggle for equality of all. Any person, of any race, creed, or religion can succeed with hard work and determination. The problem is that the level of those individuals success is sometimes determined, by the color of their skin. The race for social equality is persistent here, but there are still problems with the system.So, unfortunately racism does still exist today in the United States. References William-White, L. , & White, J. (2011). Color Marks the Site/Sight of Social Difference Dysconscious Racism in the Age of Obama. Qualitative Inquiry, 17(9), 837. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from Research Library. (Document ID 2495960131). William March. (16 May). Researcher take the stand shows racism in opposition to Obama. McClatchy Tribune Business News,. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID 2348227321). Thompson Matthew (2011).Does Racism still exist today? Answers from Men. Retrived December 12, 2011 http//www. answersfrommen. com/2011/01/does-racism-still-exist-today/ Mosser, K. (2011). An introduction to logic. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc. (https//content. ashford. edu) Pappas Stephanie. (2001) Study Whites say they are racists victims. Retrieved December 12, 2011. http//www. cbsnews. com/ stories/2011/05/24/scitech/main20065864. shtml http//poemhunter. com/poem/racism-is-around-me-everywhere/ http//www. politicususa. com/en/political-racism

The Lady with the Pet Dog

Comparison of two stories of the same name A tommyrot of two lovers in an social occasion is never a simple thing to understand. Anton Chekhov original and Joyce Carol Oatess updated meter reading of The Lady with the Pet Dog tells the story of two unhappy individuals toil some(prenominal) to find love in a long lasting affair. Both versions of the story are similar in plot, precisely the different heading of behold allows readers to view the conflicts and emotions that each character faces, instead of estimable getting one side of the story. Although both stories follow the same plot, there are many a(prenominal) differences that help oneself readers understand the emotions of the protagonist.Chekhovs version of The Lady with the Pet Dog the main protagonist is a male named Dmitry Gurov. The third person point of view allows readers to provided see how Gurovs emotions throughout the story and not his love interest Anna. Gurov is an unfaithful husband and views women as th e inferior race (Chekhov 205). He has been through many affairs in Moscow that he already knows that the affair will grow into an extreme complexity (205) and when the end comes a painful situation is created (205).In Oates version the protagonist is Anna, who is not as timid as she appears in Chekhovs version. Anna doesnt know what it feels like to have a bond with a person, because she fuckt seem to connect with her husband. The affair allows Anna some freedom from her boring life and allows her to have some purpose in life. Yet she feels guilty for creation in an affair with a stranger. The plot in Chekhovs version is very straight forward being in chronological order, whereas Oates mixes the plot somewhat starting with the climax source.They share the same climax of the theater, but in both stories Anna reacts differently when seeing her lover appear to see her. In Chekhovs version, Anna is shocked by Gurovs appearance. She tells him that she is suffering and thinks only abo ut him, but wants to forget everything that happened. Yet she is knows she wants to be with him so she promises to see him in Moscow and tells him to leave. plot of ground in Oatess version, Anna is shocked and very unpleased with seeing her lover, and makes sure he doesnt come near her.Her lover then calls her, and we see that Anna get cross with him for calling her. We can see that Oates was trying to give Anna a little more power in the affair unlike Chekhov. The mix of the plot in Oatess version I feel allows readers to really understand Anna and her emotions. It wouldve been easier to understand if it was in order, but Oates took the same story and updated it and wrote it in a way that make it much different from Chekhovs. She gave Anna life and we got to see how the guilt ate at her, while Gurov wasnt really affected as bad as she was in Chekhovs.I had to read Oatess story more than once to get the story into order, which allowed me to think more about Annas feelings more th en I could do if I only read it once. In both stories the protagonist are stuck in unhappy marriage ceremonys, but neither actually make an effort to divorce. The circumstance of Chekhovs version takes place at the turn of the century, so I feel maybe divorce wasnt an option for both characters then. Yet Oates had her story take place in the 1970s, which happened to be a time of feminism, which to my surprise Anna never thought about leaving her husband for her lover.The confusing emotions from an unhappy marriage and guilt drove Anna crazy. She would ponder this is fateto be here and not there, to be one person and not another, a certain mans wife and not the wife of another man (222). We could tell she just wants to be accepted from someone, and that was her lover. The guilt of cheating withal on a gloomy marriage drove her to tell her lover that she wished that one of her men would die, so it could make things easier on her. In each story we find that the protagonist finds so me sort of love in the end of the story.Chekhovs character Gurov, sees his wife as limited intelligence, narrow minded and dowdy (205). Anna seems to be the opposite of his wife, which makes him even more attractive to her. Gurov has been in many affairs, but each time he was go forth lonely, because he was focused on looking for the sexual outlook of the relationship and not the emotional. Anna allowed him to open up emotionally, giving him someone to talk to. In the end Gurov knew he was growing old and that he truly for the first time actually loved someone.Oatess Anna, has been through a lot of confusion never knowing who she loved. She almost commits suicide and gives up on her relationship. It takes her sometime, but she finally learns to accept her lover and the secrets. Anna was looking for her own identity and love, but she had to learn to love herself first before she could love anyone else. With the third person point of view we are limited to so much information, but O atess adaption sheds light on the other half of the story. A one sided story wouldve left readers with a lot of questions concerning Anna.Its like they made the affair seem so easy in Chekhovs version, but we find out that they struggled just like any couple would. Although the stories shared many similarities they did have their difference in approach. Works Cited Chekhov, Anton. The Lady with the Pet Dog. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8th ed. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins 2009. 205-16 Oates, Joyce Carol. The Lady with the Pet Dog. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins 2009. 219-31

Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 Essay

abridgment of the US carbonated soft drinks (CSD) perseverance(a) Strategic issuesThe CSD commercialiseplace place in the US (approx. $74 billion) is dominate by two concentrate manufacturers namely reverse and Pepsi . Both companies swallow been competing intensely since the 1970s, yet yield thrived from this competition and have grown the wrinkle precise profitably, as both have benefitted from the CSD market ripening rates of around 10% p.a. until the early 2000s, when domestic consumption started to dec eminence and in 2009 fell covering fire to levels of 19901U.S. Liquid consumption Trends (gallons/capita)1970Carbonated soft drinks19902000200922.746.953.046.0U.S. Soft Drink Market Sh atomic number 18 (Unit Case record book %)1970Coca-genus skunk Comp bothPepsiCo, Inc199020002009e34.719.841.132.444.131.441.929.9In order to attend the strategic issues of the concentrate manufacturers in the US market, an analysis of the CSD industry structure appears necessary. A practical scratch for assessing strategic issues is porters quin rives, as this mechanism nurses analyses of competition, as scheme is fundamentally ab kayoed competition2. The model of Porter is an outside-in business unit outline tool that analyses the attractor (value) of an industry structure, capturing the key elements of industry competition.Source HBS case study Cola Wars Continue modify state and Pepsi in 2010 May 26, 2011, Exhibit 1 Source Porter, Competitive StrategyFigure 1 Porters Five ferocitys abbreviationSummary on issue 1Barriers to entry are very high due to the following key factors (1) anybody trying to break into the CSD market must compete with gusts and Pepsis combined market look at of 75% (2) the market leaders have over decades make up strategically critical supply, production and sales channels, which would require enormous investments for followers to copy and (3) the inviolate brand recognition in the market mainly developed via the c umulative effect of long-time advertising and the geographic availability of their products.Understanding the CSD industry and its competitive landscape and given that the overarching goal of the concentrate manufacturers is to secure economic growth the primary strategic issue (central problem) for the concentrate manufacturers is the declining demand for CSDs, as these manufacturers have built their scheme over the decades on large volume production and distri exactlyion involving high amounts of investments (fixed as determineds) which are now (1) underutilized and (2) are non designed for alternative products (non-carb).(b) Macro-environmental factors shaping the US CSD industry Since the early 2000s several macro-environmental factors have started re-shaping the US CSD industry. To obtain a full picture of the potential macro-environmental concern on this industry, I utilise the comminute mannequin. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, L egal and Environmental. This framework is a tool for identifying, tracking, projecting and assessing macro-environmental trends and patterns which helps decision-making and to plan for future events.Figure 2 PESTLE AnalysisSummary on figure 2Based on the PESTLE analysis, 4 major trends that have already shaped respectively will continue to shape the current US CSD industry and make the attractiveness of this industry are (1) Shift in consumptionpatterns towards healthier fare (non-carbs such as juices and juice drinks, sports and energy drinks and tea-establish drinks simply also bottled water) causing the CSD to fizzle(2) US governance fighting the US 1 health problem obesity by tightened nutrition guidelines and imposing taxes on CSDs(3) Increasing pricing power of emerging mass-merchandisers (e.g. Wal-Mart) posing a new threat to profitability for setback, Pepsi and their bottlers(4) Non-carb market is open to new market entrants, as it is a stronger fragmented market non dominated by the classical CSD companies (Coke, Pepsi, DPS, etc.) The PESTLE analysis also reveals that the change in the US CSD industry is not a 1-timeimpact but rather an ongoing process 2000s (early) start of a declining domestic consumption of CSDs 2005 new national guidelines to fight obesity2010 already 29 states introduced a carbonated water tax(c) Future attractiveness of the US CSD industryThe US CSD industry will continue to be a very attractive market for the established players alone considering the size of the market and the strong redact in the market of these players. The 3 As (Advertising, Addiction, Availability) continue to be the main purchasing criteria for consumers. Still these players will have to adapt their strategies to celebrate market levels for CSDs. Possible strategic moves to act / react on the trends stated above should be based on the findings of the Five Forces Analysis and the PESTLE Analysis and could include (1) Development of (approved by the US F&D Admin.) alternative sweeteners to reduce obesitycausing sugars (2) Compete on availability (through their impressive geographical reach) (3) Create a fragmented bottling profit but give territorial exclusivity to bottlers as incentive to grow the pie and use the bottling network as a competitive firewall ( particularly against massmerchandisers) (4) Escalate advertising spending to keep out entry that market analysis can be carried out by using proved tools such as Ansoffs Growth Strategy Matrix (market present vs. market future / product present vs. product future) or the brand analysis (brand strength = differentiation + relevance vs. brand stature = knowledge + esteem) but which I have not described in this report.The competition in the CSD industry is a secureness between Coke and Pepsi with a hardly a(prenominal) minor players together holding approx. 25% market character. Coke and Pepsi leverage their strong market position and build on economies of scale crowd ing out smaller players or if necessary acquire them. Competition between Coke and Pepsi is reciprocal, with both responding to each others outline shifts. Most prominent were the development of diet and flavored varieties of CSDs.To further support the analysis of the future attractiveness of the US CSD industry, the following Force theatre of operations Analysis is reusable, as it also reveals potential restraining forces of change. As figure 3 shows, especially the market disruptions coming from domestic consumption of CSDs continuously declining have caught to a real extent the classical CSD companies by surprise, as they cannot respond to this development by standard measures such as increasing advertisement or bringing new CSDs to the market but are now face a structural change in the beverage market with an uncertain outcome.Figure 3 Force eye socket AnalysisThe Force Field Analysis as described in literature is especially profitable to identify resistance to change, providing a frameatized framework that supports identify factors that hinder change (restraining forces) and factors that support change (driving forces). Kurt Lewin developed the principle, which is a significant contribution to the fields of social science, organizational development, process circumspection, and changemanagement.(d) Potential impact of the four pressures (industry dynamics, globalization, risk and ethics) on the future attractiveness of the US CSD industryThe insights gained from the analyses carried out under 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c) summarize the potential impact of the four pressures as follows(1) Industry dynamics (defined as appreciation how industries and companies change over time and understand their drivers of these changes)The environment in which CSD companies have been operating until the early 2000s was 5characterized by competition but the industry dynamics tended to be evolutionary. The PESTLE analysis has shown, that since that time, market d ynamics have dramatically picked up and several lasting disruptive changes (e.g. introduction of a soda tax) have come to passed. Subsequently this has had an impact on top and bottom line of the CSD industry (Cola Wars business case, Exhibit 3a).(2) Globalization (defined as when an industry globalizes, it undergoes structural shifts, so that the organizations within it find that their position in one country is significantly affected by their position in another country) still if the aforementioned analyses are aimed to the US CSD industry, the data provided by the case study reveals that Cokes share of US business in % of total global business is around 20% while Pepsis share is around 50%. The international business in contrast to the US market has been ontogeny nicely given the strong population growth in emerging countries and the establishment of a marrow class in large nations such as India and China that can now afford CSDs. Coke has stronger benefitted from this growt h as Pepsi has. This should give Coke further potential for economies of scale which should benefit bottom line considerably.(3) gamble (defined as the evaluation of levels of risk and reward attached to each potential business opportunity)The impression of risk in the CSD industry given that especially Coke and Pepsi (a) have a significant share of business in the ace largest CSD market worldwide, which is the US and (b) rely on the success of a single type of product (carbonated soft drink) is high. Impacts coming from macro-environmental factors as shown in the PESTLE analysis can be game changing for this industry, as already happening since the early 2000s. (4) Ethics (defined as a set of values and beliefs that do transcend cultures, time and economic conditions)Again stressing PESTLE, environmental protection has become one of these values that have affected the CSD industry and have at least forced the CSD companies to re-think their packaging strategy and in conseque nce potential changes in the production and bottling process.From the aforementioned I would draw, that industry dynamics has the major impact on the future attractiveness of the US CSD industry.General observations on using module ideals act with theory and applying this to day-to-day business life has many a(prenominal) advantages of which I would highlightbest quality proven conceptsefficiency not to re-invent the wheelfor free applying theory in daily business life is from an reason property stand point basically not linked to any cost except costs for implementationThe contend left for every corporation is to understand, select and implement the theories, methods and tools that best suit their purpose. This requires experienced managers and experts that are loose of making use of theory to change practice.1. Module concept I Porters Five ForcesStrategy is fundamentally about competition. Competition comes from many places. Therefore it is essential to carry out an enviro nmental scan in a systematic bureau. Porter Five Forces model is a proven outside-in business unit strategy tool that analyses the attractiveness (value) of an industry structure, capturing the key elements of industry competition.(a) Strengths of the frameworkPorter refers to these forces as the micro environment or line-of-business industry level (those forces that are close to the company and that drive the business). If changes happen in one of these forces, the company should re-assess their strategic position and if required take corrective action. Also it provides useful input for performing a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis.(b) Limitations of the frameworkThe framework does not look at strategy from the inside-out. Consequently the view on core competencies on a company are ignored. I would have found it useful to understand where Coke has developed a competitive advantage vs. Pepsi and vice-versa. Therefore a SWOT analysis should always c omplement the Five Forces Analysis.Another critique I would make to the framework is the fact, that the 4 forces (1) entrants, (2) substitutes, (3) customers and (4) suppliers only relate to the center (competitors) but do not interact among themselves. In the Cola Wars e.g. the interaction between substitutes and customers would have been of interest.Last I would criticize the framework is not very useful for environments that are characterized by rapid, systemic and radical change which requires more flexible or emergent approaches to strategy formulation (this often happening with industries where disruptive innovation is foreseeable). This is also true for disruptions that give the possibility to perform completely new markets (how to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant)3.2. Module concept II PESTLE frameworkThe PESTLE framework is a powerful tool and I used it to weigh up the wide range of factors in an organizations environment that will impact on its strategy. Reading through the Cola Wars business case it quickly became evident, that it is not one but several factors that are influencing the US CSD industry. PESTLE very much serves as a checklist of macro-environmental factors that can influence strategy. I personally prefer using the PESTLE framework in combination with the Force Field Analysis as I believe that PESTLE covers wholesome the driving forces of change but does not address the restraining forces. This becomes particularly evident in the analysis carried out under 1(c).(a) Strengths of the frameworkSimilar to the Risk Management System, PESTLE provides a comprehensive checklist of macro-environmental factors to make sure, that all dimensions have been thought of and have been enter systematically. Also these factors can be classified as opportunitiesand risks in the SWOT analysis as well as a risk register. Last but not least, PESTLE is easy to use and pliable to any business.(b) Limitations of the framew orkExcept for the stated under 2., I have not identified any major limitations of the framework, making it a tool I prefer working with.3. Module concept tierce Lewins Forces Field AnalysisLewins Force Field Analysis belongs to the great change management tools. He saw the drivers for and against change as a moving equilibrium and developed a way to analyse these drivers, giving birth to what he called a force field analysis. By sharp the driving and restraining forces of change, strategies can be developed to reduce the impact of the restraining forcesand strengthen the driving forces.Even if the Force Field Analysis looks simple at a first glance, the following benefits are built into the systemDynamics on action vs. reactionAllows different perspectivesHighlights most critical matters (size of the arrow)(a) Strengths of the frameworkThe Force Field Analysis complements the PESTLE framework as PESTLE covers well the driving forces of change but does not address the restraining f orces in a structured or transparent manner. It is easy to use and adaptable to many situations in business. Especially I would like to highlight, that one has to put himself in the shoes of the other to understand drivers and restrainers for change. This can make a difference in outlining a strategy.(b) Limitations of the frameworkThe Force Field Analysis is different to e.g. a Risk Management System by far not so sophistically developed. unmatched generally starts the analysis on a white piece of paper with only very few supporting guidelines. Checklists to avoid omissions of major drivers / restrainers are not known to me.

Desire Under the Elms Essay

This article discusses several different elements of the number. It negotiation about things such as the nature of the play, the setting, and even the concerns that were happen around the metre that the play was written. The critic opens up by giving a brief synopsis of whats happening in the after-school(prenominal) world during the time that Eugene ONeil wrote the play.The article opens up stating how ONeil takes a difference response with this play as if he was demonstrating Greek theatre. Henry is trying to explain that even though the play does non follow any particular play, that it echoes Hippolytus and Medea which two involve incest and infanticide (Henry, 2006). This type of behavior was highly intolerable during this time this is what made the Desire Under the Elm stick out to readers and reviewers.In the article, the main point that is brought up is the desire between Eben and Abby. From the moment that Abby is known at the house, there is some form of tension betwee n her and Eben. While Eben tries to remain loyal to the memory of his mother he his overcome by Abby, with her beauty, charm, and grace (Henry, 2006). It is enceinte for Eben to confess his love or true feelings for Abby because it is hard for him to accept Abbys place in his groundwork and the fact that she allow for one day own the farm that was robbed from his mother. Eben truly believes that Abby is an intruder, that is trying to seek his inheritance. alto protrudeher the while Abby is the type of person that had learned to fight for what she wants, and she will get it by any sum necessary (Henry, 2006).The article also speaks on Abby as a person. Henry feels that Abby wouldve made a massive wife for Ephram for as long as he lived, if Eben had not been around (Henry, 2006). Abby was the type of woman that knew how to get what she wanted. In this case, in this story Abby had dreams on owning Ephrams farm. She was only 25 years old and she wasnt expecting for Ephram to live too much longer, that way she could have some inheritance.There are several things that I learned while reading this critical analysis. The first thing that caught my aid was the history of time during this period. I had no idea the ONeil was living in a time where he had lost both his mother and his brother before he wrote the play (Henry, 2006). In my conviction, the play was a minor get hold of of his own life during this time. He could have very well been compared to Eben.Another strategic fact that catches my attention about the article is that the conflict between father and son are so strong. In my opinion this proved that Ephram was not a good man at all. Ebens reason for not proneness his father was based on the facts that his mother told him. The thing that confused me was why did Ephrams other sons instrument and Simon hate him so much? By watching the movie I mess see, that Ephram was rough or hard on his sons but hard as they worked they still seemed to be a disa ppointment to him as well. Ephrams main goal was to have a son that was strong and that he could be elevated of, this was his purpose of having a baby boy with Abby.Last but not least, the article discusses how people can lose focus. The most obvious case of this in the story is Eben because he loses focus of whats important when he falls in love with Abby. My question is about Ephram. He loses focus when he returns office with Abby. The only thing that he thinks about is not being alone. He never thinks about how his sons will adapt to Abby nor does he even think about does Abby really love him or is she just victimisation him. It is obvious that Ephram loses focus of the ownership of the farm, he just wants somebody to be with in life so that he will not end up alone.

Impact and Benefits of Telecommunication Technology Essay

The emergence of what has been termed the knowledge epoch is in large part characterized by the presence of real-time chats technologies. Telecommunications technologies atomic number 18 in operation continuously and in realisticly all parts of the world. Telecommunications infrastructure is an important facilitator of frugal growth and may be important to some level of social dressing in the world governing body. Technology does not compel peeled ages, but the people who mapping the engine room name the latent to forge new economic and social conditions (Goleniewski, and Jarrett, 2006).As this new breeding age emerges from the ashes of the industrial r ontogeny in many areas of the world, new ways of production emerge. Previously non-existent factors are prominent in the new digital age. In general, engineering has always been thought of as an important aspect of production and driver of economic growth, but telecommunications technology is sometimes everywhereloo ked as an initiator of development. This paper will explore the impingement of telecommunications infrastructures and use of the videoconferencing development in Education, Healthcare and Business.Telecommunication Technologies in OrganizationsOrganizations appear to be evolving toward new forms such as virtual arrangements, spherical organizations, dynamic net play organizations and net pop off organizations (Hinterhuber and Levin, 1994). These forms may be a response to changing environmental conditions. An important characteristic of these forms organizations is distributed collaboration (i.e., work spread across personnel in many locations). The use of information technology in adjudge of these forms is on the rise (Lucas and Baroudi, 1994).With the widespread usage of electronic communication facilities such as facsimile, electronic mail, teleconferencing and videoconferencing, physical-meeting places are becoming less of a necessity (Goleniewski, and Jarrett, 2006). Additio nally, telecommuting, or working from home using computer communications that started in the 1980s has gained momentum with improved support in recent years, and this has also limits the need for physical meeting places. In addition, federal laws (e.g. Clean strain Act of 1990) require artes employing more than one hundred employees in one location to inhibit their employees change time (Venkatesh and Vitalari, 1992).Information and communication technologies are the shafts to run all business activities. The introduction of new technologies is anticipate to have dynamic ramifications on the methods organizations do business (Remenyi, 2000). This close interaction between information technologies and business operations makes it very difficult to predict the full range of possible benefits impact of the technology implementation. or so aspects of real-time communication systems as computer-mediated communication and videoconferencing may produce tangible benefits that directl y improve the mathematical operation of groups in the organizations (Goleniewski, and Jarrett, 2006).The direct benefits of real-time communication systems stem from 1) Reduce work delays and incidents of rework due to unwavering response from information sources, increased information availability, or reduced ambiguity in existing information 2) Improve select of work due to timely and better decision making, clearer instructions, and reduced ambiguity in information 3)Time savings for contractor and engineer due to decreased need for submission of musket ball requests for information (RFIs) 4) Considerable savings in costs related to travel to attend meetings or to dissolve issues. On the other hand, telecommunication technologies may produce several intangible improvements in the general work environment. Those benefits are more difficult to measure, however, they may have critical impact on project succeeder (Remenyi, 2000). tele crowdTeleconferencing, defined as groups of people communicating electronically between locations separated by outer space and/or time, is a technology that has become beneficial for education, healthcare and business.It can be an effective tool for conducting important decision-making or problem solving meetings that might not otherwise be held. It can reduce unproductive travel time, optimize attendance and access to scarce talent, and countenance an excellent education and training medium. In other words, teleconferencing can significantly increase productivity and efficiency, can improve circumspection communications at all levels, and can significantly enhance business opportunities when used appropriately (Johansen, 1984, p. 20).Teleconferencing is a broad term encompassing four basic types of communication audioconferencing, conferencing, computer conferencing and videoconferencing. Each of these areas of irritation can and has been integrated within a single teleconferencing system.VideoconferencingTo many expl oiters, the term teleconferencing intend only videoconferencing. Videoconferencing is one form of teleconferencing, and a form of teleconferencing that allows geographically separate conferees to see and give away each other. Videoconferencing can be divided into the following categories still video, interactive motion video, and one-way mete out video (Johansen, 1984, pp. 21-3).Videoconferencing images are transmitted over a variety of telecommunications networks including the tele mobilize network, a compressed digital network of transmission capacity and analog networks using terrestrial or satellite systems. Videoconferencing systems can be categorized as still video, T1 video, fiber optics, analog baseband and/or direct broadcast satellite systems (Wilcox, 2000, pp.7-9). bear upon and Benefits of VideoconferencingSince videoconferencing can encompass all forms of teleconferencing, it was selected as the focus for this paper. Videoconferencing is important to the fields of ed ucation, business, healthcare because it can shot a cost effective way of imparting the message to consumers who might not otherwise have an opportunity to receive valuable information. Often, because of monetary constraints, educators complain that they are unable to offer courses to all students who demand to take them. If the situation is one in which there are only a few field of operation matter experts, but a large number of willing students, time often inhibits the educators ability to reach all interested students (Wilcox, 2000).On the other hand, in many states due to geographic size, all students cannot be reached. Many must travel great quads to obtain an education on a campus environment or forgo the education. There are also situations where, due to accidents or ill health, students are unable to attend classes. Videoconferencing can present a cost effective inwardness to reach a large, possibly remote, audience and impart a simultaneous message (Johansen, 1984).In business, videoconferencing has been used to increase productivity and efficiency, improve management communications, and make better use of scarce talent. Education can be viewed as business-students provide revenue-institutions are competitively seeking to increase revenue by expanding enrollments. Like business, institutions of higher(prenominal) encyclopaedism need to find innovative ways to increase enrollment, limit administrative costs and improve the quality of their product education (Wilcox, 2000).Videoconferencing was originally promoted as an alternative to traditional face-to-face meetings, and as a means for an organization to save money in travel expenses for employees, however the benefits have gone far beyond travel savings. Videoconferencing changes the way organizations communicate. More efficient meetings can be conducted, since access to people and information is easier, and information can be communicated to as many people as need to hear the message. The pot ential for higher quality decision-making is greater because the opportunity exists for greater access to needed decision-makers.Videoconferencing improves and expedites the flow of information so that an organization can respond quickly to business opportunities and customer problems. Meetings tend to be more focused, reducing strange talk. The time intervals that occur between information processing, decision-making and implementing action is greatly reduced, which can improve an organizations competitive action in the market (Combs, 1990).Problem definition is easier when videoconferencing is implemented, as projects can be monitored from inception to end. Videoconferencing enables organizations to maximize use of subject matter experts, whose talents may be required by many departments of an organization. Videoconferencing is before long being utilized by a number of institutions in Education, Healthcare and Business. The examples cited below utilize a variety of organization s and applications for videoconferencing.Education, Healthcare and Business Organizations Using VideoconferencingIn 1977, the Central Maine Interactive Telecommunications System (CMITS) was started to facilitate reciprocation of educational information among seven health care institutions. CMITS provides motion videoconferencing with educational programming for health professionals. An dialect was placed on planning education programs, rather than producing shows. The CMITS experience led to the establishment of the Aroostook County Telecommunications System (ACTS).The interconnection between CMITS and ACTS allows members to share educational programs within the state. The systems are also members of the Association of Hospital Television Networks, a national consortium of 30 regional television networks providing educational services to staff and patients at over 900 hospitals nationwide (Niemiec, 1980).In 1969, Dartmouth Medical School set up INTERACT, a two-way video link up b etween two hospitals for communication between health care professionals. The system was later expanded to provide continuing education, assistance to rural physicians, and engineering courses. The system is currently being marketed to a larger user base, including businesses in surrounding communities. The network director, Bill Loftus advises other groups who might be using videoconferencing that content is the break. expanding upon of network uses is the next step. The system provides another example of the bridal and usage of videoconferencing. It also demonstrates how organizations can work in concert to mutually benefit from the adoption and usage of videoconferencing technology (Gold, 1985, pp. 79-84).The ability of videoconferencing technology to bring together urban and rural parts of the state of Minnesota in an interactive two-way environment was key to the high rating and acceptability of videoconferencing in a pilot project at the University of Minnesota. The general response of participants from both the Twin Cities and Morris locations was one of enthusiasm for the potential of the technology to bring groups together over distance for matters and issues of common concern (Peltz and Kolomeychuk, 1992, p. 98).There are a number of organizations which have adopted videoconferencing and have canvas the need for the technology and its usage once installed. The following businesses are examples of firms that have conducted studies either prior to or after implementation to assess the need for and effectiveness of videoconferencing.The Boeing Company, headquartered in Seattle, Washington, began using videoconferencing in 1979 in coiffe to meet a compressed release schedule on the introduction of the 757 aircraft. A system that began as a novel solution to a specific problem has evolved into a highly productive method of doing business. In five years, over 5,900 Boeing videoconferences have been attended by more than 160,000 employees, avoiding 1.6 million travel miles in the Puget Sound area alone (Whaley, 1986, pp. 113-120).Atlantic Richfield (ARCO) began using videoconferencing in the early 1980s to allow employees to efficaciously communicate with one another, even though physically separated. ARCO did not know who the active users would be or what applications would be developed, and therefore, decided to conduct ongoing research regarding the adoption and usage of videoconferencing. Research was conducted by interviewing potential users before, during and after implementation and usage of videoconferencing.The success of videoconferencing has in large part been achieved by generating a all-inclusive data base of potential users. The research program resulted in a system uniquely bespoken to ARCOs needs, and therefore, employees feel a sense of ownership and involvement in system design and evolution (Ruchinskas and Svenning, 1984, pp. 166 -173).Pratt and Whitney began using Eagle Vision II, a motion videoconferencing system, in March, 1986. The final system design reflects a combination of operational requirements established through internal research into meeting characteristics and travel patterns. Pratt and Whitney believes it was only undefeated because considerable time and effort were spent in understanding the requirements, applications and needs of its users before a system was developed and implemented (Truesdale, 1985, pp. 128 -139).Martin Marietta, a technology intensive corporation engaged in design, manufacture, and integration of systems and products in the aerospace, defense, electronics, and information and data management fields, tested and evaluated audiographics conferencing, still frame videoconferencing and motion videoconferencing to determine if teleconferencing was feasible to support company communications. Martin Marietta also wanted to determine what types of meetings and what level of participants would use teleconferencing.During a 90 day pilot program of motion v ideoconferencing, Martin Marietta conducted close to 100 conferences with approximately 75% using the standard conference room to conference room configuration. As a result of the pilot program, Martin Marietta decided to implement a motion videoconferencing system with several sites in order to improve overall corporate communications (McKinny, 1986, pp. 367 371).Patrick Combs of Levi Strauss states that for videoconferencing to be successful, it must achieve widespread adoption and effective use. By allowing users to try out videoconferencing in a relaxed environment, without expectations, the videophone made the conferencing concept less intimidating, and encouraged adoption (Combs, 1990, pp. 100).Levi Strauss trialed the use of videophones (inexpensive, desktop videoconferencing units that use normal dial-up phone lines and personal computers) to determine how readily users would utilize the technology if it were easy to use. The conclusion was that videoconferencings successfu l adoption within an organization is dependent on more than just the hardware. Successful adoption also depends on how accessible the technology is to its users (Combs, 1990, pp. 100-103).ConclusionBecause a communications network assists in the interaction of individuals it can be essential to knowledge creation. These networks will facilitate an economic and social development they are to the information age what railroads were to the industrial age.Telecommunications like videoconferencing, therefore, to play a large part in how these networks evolve, and thus will impact the creation of knowledge in the future. In the past, telecommunications policy has been primarily focused on physical infrastructure. In the information age, it has become apparent that managers and policy-makers must enlarge their focus to emphasize the information side of telecommunications. It is not the creation of the infrastructure itself that will be the major source of profitability, but rather the expl oitation of the infrastructure to create knowledge.

Customer Service and Order Processors

The Human Side of Management Assignment Repairing Jobs That break in to Satisfy Learning Goals Companies often divide up sue as a way to meliorate efficiency, but specialism locoweed lead to negative consequences. DrainF down(p) is a comp all that has effectively used specialisation to reduce costs relative to its competitors costs for years, but rising guest complaints suggest the firms strong position may be slipping. After reading the case, you will suggest some shipway it contribute create more interesting urinate for employees.You will also tackle the problem of decision race who are qualified and ready to perform the multiple responsibilities required in these tunes. Major way out Areas Job design Job satisfaction Personality Emotional labour The Scenario DrainFlow is a large residential and commercial plumbingmaintenance firm that operates around the United Kingdom. It has been a major(ip) player in residential plumbingfor decades, and its familiar rhyming motto, W henYour Drain Wont Go, Call DrainFlow, has been plasteredon billboards since the 1940s. Leigh Reynaldo has been a regional manager at DrainFlow for about 2 years.She used to work for a newercompeting chain, Lightning plumber, that has been draught more and more customers from DrainFlow. Althoughher contemplate at DrainFlow repairs more, Leigh is not happywith the way things are going. She has noticed the work environmentis not as vital or ener annoyic as the environmentshe saw at Lightning. Leigh thinks the problem is that employees are not motivatedto provide the type of customer inspection and repair LightningPlumber employees offer. She of late sent surveysto customers to pull information about performance,and the data confirmed her fears.Although 60 percentof respondents verbalize they were commodious with their experienceand would use DrainFlow again, 40 percent felttheir experience was not good, and 30 percent said theywould use a competitor the next cartridge clip th ey had a plumbing problem. Leigh is wondering whether DrainFlows joke designmight be contributing to its problems in retaining customers. DrainFlow has about 2,000 employees in fourbasic job categories plumbers, plumbers assistants, orderprocessors, and billing representatives. This structureis designed to keep costs as low as possible.Plumbers make precise high wages, whereas plumbers assistantsmake about one-quarter of what a accreditedplumber makes. Using plumbers assistants is thereforea very cost-effective strategy that has enabled DrainFlowto advantageously undercut the competition when it comes toprice. Order processors make even less than assistantsbut about the same as billing processors. All work is veryspecialised, but employees are often dependent on otherjob category to perform at their most efficientlevel. Like most plumbing companies, DrainFlow gets caper mostly from the Yellow Pages and the Internet.Customers either call in to describe a plumbing problemor submi t an online request for plumbing services,receiving a return call with information within 24 hours. In either case, DrainFlows order processors listen to thecustomers description of the problem to determinewhether a plumber or a plumbers assistant shouldmake the service call. The job is whence assigned accordingly,and a service provider goes to the location. Whenthe job has been sail throughd, via mobile phone, a billing representativerelays the earnings to SHR034-6, 12-13 he service rep, who presentsa bill to the customer for payment. Billing representativescan take customers credit learning ability payments by phoneor e-mail an invoice for online payment. The Problem Although specialisation does cut costs significantly, Leighis dysphoric about customer dissatisfaction. According toher survey, about 25 percent of customer contactsended in no service call because customers were confusedby the diagnostic questions the order processorsasked and because the order processors did no t have decent hit the hayledge or skill to explain the situation.That means fully one in four concourse who call DrainFlowto hire a plumber are worse than dis contented theyare not customers at all The remaining 75 percent of calls that did end in a customer service construe resultedin other problems. The most frequent complaints Leigh found in the customersurveys were about response time and cost, especiallywhen the wrong person was sent to a job. Aplumbers assistant cannot complete a more technicallycomplicated job. The appointment has to be rescheduled,and the customers time and the mental facultys time havebeen wasted.The resulting delay often caused customersin these situations to decline further contactwith DrainFlow galore(postnominal) of them decided to go withLightning Plumber. When I arrive at a job I cant take care of, saysplumbers assistant Jim Larson, the customer getsannoyed. They thought they were getting a licensedplumber, since they were calling for a plumber. T ellingthem they have to have someone else come out doesntgo over well. On the other hand, when a plumber responds to ajob easily handled by a plumbers assistant, the customeris still charged at the plumbers higher pay rate.Licensed plumber Luis Berger also does not like be inthe position of giving customers bad news. If I getcalled out to do something like snake a drain, the customerisnt expecting a level-headed bill. Im caught in a difficult situationI fatiguet stage set the rates or make theappointments, but Im the one who gets it from the customer. Plumbers also resent being sent to do such simplework. Obi Ani is one of DrainFlows order processors. She is frustrated overly when the wrong person is sentto a job but witnesss she and the other order processors aredoing the beat out they can. We have a survey were supposedto follow with the calls to ferret out out what the problemis and who unavoidably to take the job, she explains. Thecustomers dont know that we have a sta ndard form, sothey think we can answer all their questions. Most of usdont know any more about plumbing than the caller. Ifthey dont use the terms on the survey, we dont understandwhat theyre talking about. A plumber would, butwere not plumbers we just take the calls. Customer service issues also involve the billing representatives. They are the ones who have to keep contactingcustomers about payment. Its not my misapprehension thewrong guy was sent, says Elisabeth King. If two guyswent out, thats two trips. If a plumber did the work, youpay plumber rates. some of these customers dont getthat I didnt take their first call, and so I get yelled at. The billing representatives also complain that they seeonly the tail end of the process, so they dont know whatthe original call entailed. The job is fairly impersonal,and much of the work is recording customer complaints. Remember40 percent of customers are not satisfied,and it is the billing representatives who take thebrunt of their negative reactions on the phone.As you can probably tell, all employees have to engagein emotional labour, as described in your textbook,and many lack the skills or personality traits to completethe customer interaction component of their jobs. Theyare not train to provide customer service, and they seetheir work mostly in technical, or mechanical, terms. Quite a few are actually anxious about speaking directlywith customers. The office staff (order processors andbilling representatives) urinate customer service is partof their job, but they also find dealing with negativefeedback from customers and co-workers stressful.Two years ago, a attention consultingcompany was hired to survey DrainFlow worker attitudes. The results showed they were less satisfied thanworkers in other like jobs. The following tableprovides a breakdown of respondent satisfaction levelsacross a number of categories SHR034-6, 12-13 DrainFlow Plumbers DrainFlow Plumber Assistants DrainFlow Office Workers Aver age Plumber Average Office Worker I am satisfied with the work I am asked to do. 3. 7 2. 5 2. 5 4. 3 3. 5 I am satisfied with my working conditions. 3. 8 2. 4 3. 7 4. 1 4. 2 I am satisfied with my interactions with o-workers. 3. 5 3. 2 2. 7 3. 8 3. 9 I am satisfied with my interactions with my supervisor 2. 5 2. 3 2. 2 3. 5 3. 4 The information about average plumbers and averageoffice workers is taken from the management consultingcompanys records of other companies. Theyare not exactly surprising, given some of the complaints DrainFlow employees have made. croak management isworried about these results, but they have not been ableto formulate a solution. The handed-down DrainFlow culturehas been focused on cost containment, and thesoft areas like employee satisfaction has not been a majorissue.The Proposed Solution The company is in trouble, and as revenues shrink andthe cost savings that were supposed to be achieved bydividing up work fail to materialise, a change seems tobe in order. Leigh is proposing using silver reinforces to break performanceamong employees. She thinks if employeeswere paid based on work outcomes, they would work harderto satisfy customers. Because it is not easy to prisehow satisfied people are with the initial call-in, Leighwould like to give the order processors a small rewardfor every 20 calls successfully completed.For the hands-onwork, she would like to have each billing representativecollect information about customer satisfaction for eachcompleted call. If no complaints are made and the jobis handled promptly, a moderate cash reward would begiven to the plumber or plumbers assistant. If the customerindicates real satisfaction with the service, alarger cash reward would be provided. Leigh also wants to find people who are a better fit withthe companys new goals. Current hiring surgery relieson unstructured interviews with each locations general manager, and little consistency is found in the waythese managers choose employ ees.Most lack training incustomer service and organisational behaviour. Leigh thinksit would be better if hiring methods were likeacross all branches in her region to help managers identifyrecruits who can actually succeed in the job. Your Assignment Your task is to prepare a persuasive report for Leigh on the potentialeffectiveness of her cash reward and structured interviewprogrammes. Make certain it is in the form of aprofessional tune document that you would giveto an experienced manager at this level of a fairly largecorporation.Leigh is very smart when it comes to managingfinances and running a plumbing business, but shewill not necessarily know about the organisational behaviourprinciples you are describing. As any newproposals must be passed through pourboire management,you should also address their concerns about cost containment. You will need to make a strong evidence-based pecuniary case that changing the management style willbenefit the company. When you write, make sure you touch on the followingpoints SHR034-6, 12-13 1.Although it is clear employees are not especially satisfiedwith their work, do you think this is a arguefor concern? Does research suggest satisfied workersare actually better at their jobs? Are any other behaviouraloutcomes associated with job satisfaction? 2. Using job characteristics theory, explain why thepresent outline of job design may be contributing toemployee dissatisfaction. Describe some ways youcould help employees feel more satisfied with theirwork by redesigning their jobs. 3. Leigh has a somewhat vague idea about how to carry throughthe cash rewards system.Describe some of thespecific ways you would make the reward systemwork better, based on the case. 4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of usingfinancial incentives in a program of this nature. What, if any, potential problems might arise if peopleare given money for achieving customer satisfactiongoals? What other types of incentives mightbe consider ed? 5. Create a specific plan to assess whether the rewardsystem is working. What are the dependent variablesthat should change if the system works? How willyou go about measuring success?

Jack London and His ‘Wild Side’ Essay

Many of Jack capital of the United Kingdoms novels mystify the unique characteristic of portray endurance of the fittest, the hu partizing of animals, and a contrast of atrociousness and civility in their protagonists. Subsistence was the number one priority for heroes and villains in umteen of capital of the United Kingdoms guards. This quest for existence and bread and butter was a difficult one in the harsh environss Jack capital of the United Kingdom favored as settings in his books. Therefore survival of the fittest was the law and it sparked the transitions amidst savagery and civility in its wake. Those affected were traditionally the lone animal heroes prevalent as protagonists in capital of the United Kingdoms industrial plant. To portray these characters, the humanizing of them was a undeniable and well-employed tactic that London also utilizes to hold the readers interest.As nigh of Londons works take place in the wild, it is only natural that his heroes and heroines should be individualists to be able to survive. They challenge the wrath of nature, and those who be strong enough generally live (Ludington). Although the natural world plays a grim role in Londons works, it plays no favorites, and requires those existing in it to meet its demands. This proves to be a central conflict and consistent subject ara in many works. To get to a Fire demonstrates the conflict of Man versus Naturerevealing Londons sense of the awesome appearing of Nature, sometimes harsh to a greater extentover always impressive (McEwen). On Londons famous novel, exsanguine Fang, Earle Labor comments it is structured on ideas rather than upon myth, it is a sociological fable intended to illustrate Londons theories of environmentalism (79).Londons works focused on what he considered his philosophy of life. Through his eyetooth protagonists in The confab of the frantic and different books, he expresses the stems of survival, courage, strength, determinatio n, and respect for the truth (McEwen). Jack Londons so-called Klondike Heroes were an independent but still compassionate group who showed respect to the eternal laws of nature and to the overwhelm presence of conscience (Labor 50). Those who took to these values and lived by them at the very least survived, and at the most became leaders of their surroundings. In The Call of the Wild, hitchhike is snatched from an easy life and submitted to unrelenting treatment and a harsh environment in the Klondike, and only survives because he is the superior individual (Ludington).The dogs learned that kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law. Almost above these laws is Buck. When he was made, the mould was broke, says Pete, a sleigh driver in the book (Ashley). The dog was non instantly a leader however, he first overcomes terrible hardships and falls into brutal skirmishes with both men and other animals, displaying the level of courage and cunning required in Jack Londons philoso phy to become a hero (McEwen). Among the lessons learned by Buck ar swindle and nobility, faithfulness unto death, and a conviction that moral nature is a vain thing and a preventative in the ruthless struggle for existence (Ashley).Part I of The Call of the Wild, the most naturalisticsection of the book, deals with physical violence and amoral survival of the dogs which paves the way for their progression into the heroes that London wished to portray them as (Labor 73). In Londons book The ocean Wolf, Wolf Larsen is an arrogant individualist who survives for awhile on an island without many provisions. Though he later perishes, supposedly as an indirect result of his moral flaws, his prolonged existence on the island fuck only be attributed to his admiral strength and skill- two characteristics that London holds in high esteem (Ludington). These are, however, not the only traits necessary to survive in a harsh environment as London stresses in In a Far Country. Survival of the fittest is expressed as not only a matter of physical fitness, but also of ethical integrity (Labor 53).Individualism, though sometimes detrimental to the character, is also a major theme in many of Londons works.Few persons who have ever encountered his work can entirely forgetthe lost miner who wanders across the Arctic waste land in a nightmarish odyssey of starvation and exposure, sustained solely by an incredible will to live or either of the bright dogs Buck, captivated by the call of the Northland Wild, and sporty Fang, tamed by the loving-kindness of a gentler master. (Labor 49)Wolf Larsen, in The ocean Wolf, goes beyond survival to domination. He is the captain and master of his vessel and its crew. What gets in his way goes overboard whether its a scullion or his first mate. Larsens motives of ambition and absolute superiority dominate his character to prepare a totally different connection between him and his people than did Buck with his (Sandburg 30).Another domin ant theme in Londons works is the humanizing of animals. By giving animals characteristics of a man, basically personifying them, London makes it easier and much enjoyable for the reader to relate to the animals situation. His ability to have the reader connected with creatures, to have the reader peer into their minds and hearts, makes their struggles, triumphs, and defeats all the more poignant (McEwen). Both The Call of the Wild and White Fang are beast fables because they provoke peoples interest -whether we know it or not- in the human experience, not in the engage and hardships of lower animals (Labor 69). Buck, in The Call of the Wild, takes on an almost human personality, not because of his actions or thoughts but because the reader can see his thoughts and witness his actions (McEwen). The difference is the books radical departure from the conventional animal tosh in style and substance- the manner in which it is overdetermined in its multilayered meaning, letting reade rs understand the dogs better than they may understand themselves (Labor 72).Not only are dogs humanized in Londons canine novels, but the humans are significantly de-humanized. This personification of animals gives them very flexible personalities than those of the humans, which tend to lack depth. This reversal of roles makes it entirely possible for the dogs, which are even given names, to be characters in the sense that the humans of the novels will never achieve. crimson justice Miller, by whose Santa-Clara, California, fireside the young Buck lay in innocence and peace before he was dognapped, has more of a function than a character at all. The humans in The Call of the Wild such as John Thornton, Black Burton, and other bad guys are stock characters for which the reader provides their qualities from other reading rather than discover them in the novel (Ashley). The only real character is the dog who displays the obscureness and natural wisdom which the man fatally lacks Its instinct told it a straightr tale than was told to the man by the mans judgementThe dog did not know anythingBut the brute had its instinct (Labor 64).Perhaps the most dominant and glaringly obvious subject in Londons work is the conflict of savagery versus civility and the transgressions and progressions between the two. In a letter Jack London wrote to George Brett in 1904, explained the plan keister his book White Fang. He decided to compose a complete antithesis and companion book Im spillage to reverse the process. Instead of devolution or decivilization of a dog, Im going to give evolution, the civilization of a dog- development of domesticity, faithfulness, love, morality, and all the amenities and virtues (Labor 78-79). The noble dogs in White Fang and The Call of the Wild revolt against their roots.White Fang shifts from an untamed life in the wild to one of civilization, while Buck eventually turns on his domestic background towards the wilderness (McEwen). The law of club and fang present in many of Londons wilderness novels is approached and embraced by Buck and cast away for a tamer life by White Fang (Ashley). The Call of the Wild is a study of one of the most curious and grueling motives that plays hide-and-seek in the human soul. The more cultivated we become the deeper is the fear that back in idiom is something of the beauty and joy of life we have not brought along with us (Sandburg 29). So it is in fact, not all transgression for Buck, he gains something a domestic being could never achieve.On the other hand, White Fang, too, involves contrasting values life, love, civilization, the Southland and the protagonist dogs progression towards these (Labor 79). Although the most noticeable transformations in Londons novels are in that of animals, the civil to savage metamorphosis is well-developed in humans too (McEwen). Among Londons mingled studies of the Northnothing will set you thinking about how far the human race has progressed, th e disconnect between savagery and civilization, than the tale of Nam Bok the Unveracious. (Sandburg 29). In Nam Bok the Unveracious,Nam Bok, after an absence of many years returns to his isolated search crossroads on the shores of Alaska. Late into the night they talk, and Nam Bok, who has been to California, tells them he has been upon a boat larger than all the boats of the village in one he describes the sails of the vessel and the avers it made head against the wind as well as with it he describes an iron monster that sped upon two streaks of iron faster than the wind, was fed up on dumb stones, coughed fire, and shrieked louder than thunder. Early the next morning he is informed that his sense of truth is mournfully degenerate. Their message runs this wise Thou art from the shadow-land, O Nam Bok. With us thou canst stay. Thou must return therefore thou camest, to the land of the shadows. So much for Nam Bok. (30)The raging forces of human and natural forces that battle in these works erode the layers of civilization to reveal the glimpse of the most primeval impulses inherent in men and their environments (McEwen).When a being is thrust into an unfamiliar environment, it must learn to adapt to and coexist with everything around it. In The sea Wolf, Wolf Larsen eventually dies despite his strength and skills he was an utterly egotistical an immoral character on an isolated island. Londons point was that Wolf could not have survived in a new(a) society with the traits he possessed. Buck, on the other hand, is returned to the wild from a tamed existence.He eventually joins a pack of wolves, but he is at the head because of the combination of intelligence he gained in the civilized world and the strength he acquired as part of his transgression to primeval instinct and the wild (Ludington). Even when ill treatment has the adverse affect of not taming Buck but sparking his change, he shows what dog (and man) can do to get past its hardships and become a leader (Ashley). His mistreatment was not the only factor in Bucks transformation, the sense of a call back to nature and her primal sanities is felt by even the rankest degenerate, this is the cal of the wild (Sandburg 29). And with a fitting ending, The Call of the Wild closesWhen the long winter nights come on and the wolves follow their meat into the lower valleys, he may be seen running at the head of the pack through the pale moonlight or glimmering borealis, leaping gigantic above his fellows, his great pharynx a-bellow as he sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack. (Ashley)Throughout these novels, there can be seen a pattern of the identical prevalent three prevalent themes. Each interrelated with one another, forming the same types of scenarios, and the same consistent fantastic plots that made Londons works famous. The main characters discovery of themselves sets in motion the readers own self-discovery. The fact that this lesson lies in the liv es of canines and not other humans is the true test of Londons ability to humanize animals. In the end this combination forms for a more potent emotional attachment to these dogs than to any other type of fictional character. All these attest to Londons novels being viewed as timeless classics.Works CitedAshley, Leonard R. N. The Call of The Wild Overview. Reference Guide to American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed Jim Kamp. St. pack Press, 1994. GalenetLabor, Earle. Jack London. New York Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1974.Ludington, Townsend. Jack London Overview. Reference Guide to American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. GalenetMcEwen, Fred. Jack London Overview. Twentieth-Century Young Adult Writers. 1st ed. Ed Lauren Sandley Berger. St. James Press, 1994. GalenetSandburg, Charles A. Jack London A Common Man. Critical Essays on Jack London. By Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin. Boston G.K. mansion house and Co., 1983.